Substance preparation



Patented ec. 29, 1931 .BOY G. TELLIER, OF LANSDOWNE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO FRED B. JACKSON, OF

' WARREN, PENNSYLVANIA S'lJ'BSTANCE PREPARATION No Drawing. Application filed April 21, 1927, Serial No. 185,655. Renewed June 13, 1931.

This invention relates to improvements in substance preparation, and particularly to improvements in the preparation of substances adapted for the decolorization and purification of both oils and aqueous solutions (e. g., raw-sugar solutions). An object of this invention is to provide a method of making a substance of this character, which will be comparatively simple and relatively inexpensive.

In the specification of my pending application, Serial No. 166,014, filed February 4th, 1927 I have described methods of preparing a substance that is mainly a set-gel and the principal constituents of which are clay and organic-char (by which is meant dehydrated organic matter). One of these methods involves the use (as raw materials) of Florida fullers earth in granular form, waste sulphite liquor and an acid (e. g., sulphuric acid). The waste sulphite liquor is used in a concentrated form of from thirty-one. to thirty-two degrees Baum (or about fifty per cent (50%) total solids). This waste sulphite liquor contains, in solution, organic matter which is molecularly dispersed, and peptizing principle (e. g., tannin). The acid serves to disperse (in the presence of the peptizing principle) to hydrosol state the Florida fullers earth and to act upon certain substances that are found in the latter,in its natural state, to form pectizing principle (e. g, calcium sulphate, aluminum sulphate). The molecularly dispersed organic matter combines or unites in some way not fully understood (that is, whether it be a chemical union, only a physical union, is not yet thoroughly established) with the argillaceouos matter.

that has been dispersed to hydrosol state. The ultimate result of the action of the waste sulphite liquor upon the earth, in the presence of the .acid,"is the formation of a hydrogel that consists mainly of argillaceous and organic matter; but it contains also pee tizing principle which has also a mordant action; This hydrogel is dehydrated; that is, the hydrogel is predried' and is then subjected to additional heat-treatment. By this heat treatment, a large portion, of the water or a chemical-and-physical, union, or-

of the hydrogel is driven oil, and the matter of the hydrogel is converted, in great part, into set-gel form; and at the same time, much of the organic matter is charred. The product is finally washed and dried.

The concentration of the waste sulphite liquor used in the process described in the aforementioned application, is effected. for reasons of economy; for example,'to save freight charges paid on water that would otherwise have to be carried from the paper and pulp .plants where the waste sulphite liquor is produced (for example, by the calcium bisulphite process), to the point of-utilization of the liquor. However, it has been found that the waste sulphite liquor-itself contains sufficient acid principle to effect a dispersion of the Florida fullers earth to submicroscopic dimensions in the presence of water and the peptizing principle also carried by the liquor, resulting in the conversion of the earth into a hydrosol; so, it isnot absolutely essential that an acid be used in conjunction with the Waste sulphite liquor, in order to effect this dispersion to hydrosol state. This procedure (doing mm with the use of acid in addition to the use of the waste sulphite liquor) enables use to be made of the waste sulphite liquor at the paper and pulp plants in just the condition (which is very dilute) that the liquor runs from the digesters in which it is produced; therefore, economy is effected in the saving of the cost of concentration of the waste sulphite liquor and, further, in the saving of the freightcharges paid on the concentrated liquor to the-point where it is to be utilized. Another advantage ,is found toresult from the fact that, in a high degree, the waste sulphite liquor, in acting upon the Florida fullers earth, is freed from those ingredients-that are recognized as deleterious in their effects, which have brought about the enactment of laws against the contamination of rivers and streams by the discharge of waste sulphite liquor into them. The result of the reaction between the clay and the weak sulphite liquor is, so far as the latter is concerned, to neutralize it, the acid of the liquor acting upon the earth to eifect a dispersion'thereof. The

efiluent liquor is just as susceptible of being scribed in the hereinabove-mentioned appli-' concentrated as it was before use and it may cation.

be emplo ed for the ordinary purposes to 1 The waste sulphite liquor may be flowed which ul p and paper makers-have put the directly from the digester, in'a h condition,

5 liquor eretofore, such, 'for example, as 9. upon the Florida fullers earth; r, it may 1 binder in the manufacture of road ballast be used cold, as it comes from, for example, a and surfacing, briquettes of coal, and the storage reservoir. As an example of the prolilre. However, the waste sulphite liquor cedure that may be followed, in carryingout must be allowed to. act longer and in far this invention, there maybe taken abatch of,

greater quantity upon the Florida fullers say, one hundred pounds (100 lbs.) of granuearth than in the case of the method de-' larFlorida earth. Upon this earth, there are scribed in my pending application to which flowed eight'hundred and fifty pounds (850 reference has hereinbefore been made andin lbs.) of wastesulphite liquor in its dilute which acid is used in" addition to .concenform, or its equivalent; but it is to be well |5 trated waste sulphite liquor. The chemical understood that this proportion of waste sulprinciple is here taken advantage of that phite liquor to clay is only ap roximate and .there ma be gotten, by prolonging the acthe proportion may be varie By making tion of d lute substances or reagents and intests, the state of the effluent may be detercreasing the quantity of them used, results mined; and when the state of the efiluent is that are entirely similar in their nature and the same as that of the influent, the cla has 85 effect to results obtained by the employment reached a stage wherein itiis adapte for of much stronger substances or reagents used further treatment. B this is intended a conin less uantity and over a shorter period of dition in which a c ange to hydrogel is time. l n the present case, the waste sulphite indicated.

liquor is of l1ttle or no value at the plants If the procedure adopted by the manufac- 90 where it is produced; and it may, in itsunturer be such that the percolation of the waste concentrated or dilute .form, be used-in alsulphite liquor through the ranules is slow, most any quantity without adding materialso that the time of contact 0 .the liquor with ly to the cost of production of the decolorizthe clay is relatively prolonged, less ,liquor an ing and purifying material that is the prodwill be required, as will be readily under- 95 uct of this invention. This action of the stood; but this saving of the liquor-is undilute unconcentrated or crude liquor, when important in the general case, wherein the continued for a sufficiently long period of liquor is of little worth and time is valuable.

, time, accomplishes a result that is entirely Again, if the granules of the Florida fullers 5 similar in its nature'to the effect produced earth are relatively large in size,- a longer 100 by the action of the acid in conjunction with time must be allowed so that the liquor may the concentrated waste sulphite liquor, as dcpenetrate into the interior of ranules, and scribed in the aforesaid application; that is, there must be an abundance of t e liquor prothere is produced a hydrogel which is prinvided.

m cipally a union in the nature ofa mutual In accordance with the provisions of the 105 solution of argillaceous material or substance patent statutes, I- have hereinbefore described in hydrosol state in or with molfecularly dis-- 1511? b ode P W n W l to me f carrying parsed organic matter, and whichcontains this 1nvent10n 1nto effect; but I des1re 1t to be 1 pectizing principle g calcium l hat distinctly understood that I fully,real1ze that aluminum sulphate) that serves as a nordant changes. y be 1 tbeleln and that in the use f the finished product. T h tend to Include within the scope of the claims drogel contains much water and requires to that follow herelnafter all modifications that be dehydrated so, it is first pre-dried and. is do n9tdepflrtvsubstantlallfi b S Int of next subjected to additional heat-treatment 5 32 2 forth b e and't yn5 subsequent to the pre-drying step, in a manner entirely-analogous t h procedure set 1. Sub ect1n clay to the actlon of unconc t t t a a ar disclosed -assists:13112 2251am esia. 1n the aforesaid applicatlon. The product action p W found! -f 1n E even b h the 2. subjecting 'cla having the properties 12 p of-washmglt be Omltbed; l P possessed by Flori a fullers earth to the Wash e Product and 9 use, 111 such action of unconcentra ted sulphite liquor until Y Wasbmg, Water that has been acldulatedf an argillaceous-and-organic hydrogel results the product be washed, it is then dried be fr i h ti L fore use Signed at Washington, in the Districtof' 1 In short, the after-treatment of the hyclro- Columbia, this 21st day of April, 1927;

' gel obtained byfpractising the present invenr ROY G. TELLIER. tion is entirely similar to that to which is subjected the argillaceous-and-organic hydrogel obtained by the methods that are'de- 1 1 

